Got 'em. Those are microcontrollers. So to elaborate a bit more, a microcontroller (MCU) is a single integrated circuit containing a microprocessor CPU plus a fair amount of input/output hardware. These range in sophistication from 8-bit controllers costing less than a dollar and consuming very little electrical current, all the way up to the processors capable of running a cellphone and its likes. There are dozens of MCU's in your house, your car, and the gadgets that you carry around.
A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is a bunch of logic gates on a chip, that can be "wired" together in almost arbitrary ways. So in a sense it's more primitive than a MCU. The "field programmable" part is that the wiring pattern is programmed on a desktop computer and fed into the IC. This allows creating combinatorial or sequential logic functions that execute extremely quickly and often in parallel. In addition to simple logic gates, modern FPGA's offer other kinds of "cells" such as memory registers.
Ironically, people have created wiring patterns that implement a complete microprocessor on an FPGA.
This is the extent of my own knowledge, based on product descriptions but no actual experience doing anything with an FPGA.
