Pipenv only targets applications; Poetry targets both applications and libraries. Pipenv has quite some drama behind it that I do not want to get into; in contrast, Poetry's development has been quite professional. Pipenv enjoys better tool support, e.g. it is recognized and supported by VS Code; but Poetry does not have the same level of support.
The drama was surrounding false advertising so to speak. Pipenv promised a lot but did not quite deliver, much like the earlier days of MongoDB. But more importantly, it pretended or at least heavily implied it was an official PSF-affiliated project, when it was not. How that claim was substantiated was also subject to drama.
It also had no releases for over a year, even though the master branch was getting frequent updates and the performance of the last release was atrocious (and I'm not sure if it has improved much).
